On December 10, 2021, the United States Patent & Trademark Office (USPTO) issued a final order for sanctions against Yusha Zhang and Shenzhen Huanyee Intellectual Property Co., Ltd. This follows a show cause order issued on June 8, 2021 and a response filed on July 6, 2021.  The respondents have been involved in filing submissions in more than 15,000 trademark matters before the USPTO. Respondents have engaged in the unauthorized practice of law, provided false domicile information for applicants, impermissibly entered the signature of the named signatory on declarations and verifications, and violated other USPTO Rules and the USPTO’s website terms of use.  Sanctions include terminating over 15,000 proceedings involving submissions filed by the Respondents and precluding Respondents from further correspondence or submissions.

Per the Order,

Huanyee is a China-based organization that advertises that it assists clients with registering trademarks in China, has filed more than 30,000 foreign trademark applications, including in the United States, and offers U.S. trademark registration services via its website.

Respondents are not authorized to make submissions to the USPTO on behalf of others in trademark matters. Ms. Zhang is not a U.S. licensed attorney, nor does Huanyee have any U.S. licensed attorneys on staff who supervise Respondents’ work.

The name “Yusha Zhang” and/or email addresses associated with Respondents appeared in the correspondence fields of more than 1,700 trademark applications and registrations naming different allegedly unrepresented applicants submitted through the USPTO’s Trademark Electronic Application System (“TEAS”), allegedly filed by the applicants between 2016 and 2019. The submissions primarily identified the mailing address for Huanyee and an email address within the domain huanyee.com. Further, Respondents registered several uspto.gov accounts and continued to file more than 14,000 more applications and other submissions on behalf of others during the past three years.

Despite being unauthorized to practice before the USPTO in trademark matters, Respondents engaged in such practice by counseling and advising clients in contemplation of filing trademark applications and other documents before the USPTO, preparing and prosecuting applications for U.S. trademark registrations, preparing and submitting arguments and amendments in trademark matters before the USPTO, and communicating directly with the USPTO on behalf of others.

The record establishes that Respondents engaged in unauthorized practice before the Office. The Response acknowledges that Respondents did so. See Response at 6 (stating that Respondents “plan[] to move past this and conform its conduct to the requisite USPTO regulations” by, among other things, endeavoring to “work with U.S. Trademark Counsel”) and Response at 8 (noting that Respondents “are already precluded and aver that they will no longer make filings”).

In response to the Order to Show Cause,

The Response expresses disagreement “with many of the assertions in the Show Cause Order” (Response at 5) but provides no evidence to rebut them. The Response ultimately concedes that Respondents violated the USPTO Rules and website terms of use but seeks to excuse the violations and avoid sanctions by challenging the administrative sanctions procedure and authority to issue sanctions. The Response also argues that sanctions should not be imposed because Respondents were unfamiliar with the requirements of the USPTO Rules, did not willfully violate them, and are taking actions to correct the issues raised.

As discussed in the Final Order, the USPTO held the arguments to be unpersuasive and fail to establish why any of the sanctions outlined in the Show Cause Order should not be imposed.

Accordingly, the USPTO imposed sanctions including the termination of all all trademark application proceedings involving submissions by Respondents or filed through a uspto.gov account registered to or controlled by Ms. Zhang or any officer, employee or agent of Huanyee.  The USPTO provided a 198-page 2-column list of trademarks covered by the order listing over 15,000 trademark applications.

In explaining the sanctions, the USPTO stated,

the conduct at issue was willful and part of a pattern of activity intended to circumvent the USPTO Rules. The conduct infected thousands of applications, resulted in false and fraudulent submissions being made to the USPTO, and adversely affected the integrity of the federal trademark registration process…

The egregious nature of the conduct at issue warrants termination of the proceedings. A lesser sanction than termination of proceedings would not remedy the conduct or deter Respondents or third parties from engaging in similar conduct. A scheme involving intentional circumvention of the USPTO Rules and defrauding the USPTO is the epitome of egregious misconduct warranting termination.

Huanyee was presumably trying to avoid the costs of retaining a U.S. lawyer perhaps to profit from government incentives for trademark registrations as earlier reported by the USPTO. In fact, in April 2021, Huanyee explained in a social media account posting Shenzhen’s policy for trademark subsidies of up to 3,000 RMB (~$464 USD)  per trademark.   It is unclear if applicants will need to repay the subsidies now that the trademark proceedings are terminated.

Several sources, including 知识产权进行时, are reporting that the Shenzhen Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued their own sanctions against Huanyee on September 14, 2021 although details are scarce.

The full text of the final order is available here (English only).