On August 2, 2024, the U.S. sued ByteDance, TikTok and its affiliates for violating the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (“COPPA”) and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Rule (“COPPA Rule”). In its complaint, the Department of Justice alleges TikTok collected, stored and processed vast amounts of data from millions of child users of its popular social media app.

In June, the Federal Trade Commission voted to refer the matter to the Department of Justice, stating that it had determined there was reason to believe TikTok (f.k.a. Musical.ly, Inc.) had violated a FTC 2019 consent order and that the agency had also uncovered additional potential COPPA and FTC Act violations. The lawsuit filed on August 2, 2024 in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, alleges that TikTok is directed to children under age 13, that TikTok has permitted children to evade its age gate, that TikTok has collected data from children without first notifying their parents and obtaining verifiable parental consent, that TikTok has failed to honor parents’ requests to delete their children’s accounts and information, and that TikTok has failed to delete the accounts and information of users the company knows are children. The complaint also alleges that TikTok failed to comply with COPPA even for accounts in the platform’s “Kids Mode” and that TikTok improperly amassed profiles on Kids Mode users. The complaint seeks civil penalties of up to $51,744 per violation per day from January 10, 2024 to present for the improper collection of children’s data, as well as permanent injunctive relief to prevent future violations of the COPPA Rule. 

The lawsuit comes on the heels of the U.S. Senate passage this week of the Children and Teens’ Online Privacy Protection Act (“COPPA 2.0”) and the Kids Online Safety Act (“KOSA”) by a 91-3 bipartisan vote. It is unknown whether the House will take up the bills when it returns from recess in September.