/>iIn their article, “Longitudinal study of Post Concussion Syndrome, Not Everyone Recovers,” Hiploylee, et. al. document that the leading symptom of post-concussion syndrome is headache.
In a new article published in JAMA Neurology, Danish research examined the relationship between headache and suicide. There the researchers concluded that headaches are among the most common medical conditions, affecting millions of people worldwide. While many view headaches as a temporary inconvenience, recent research suggests they may be linked to a much more serious issue: an increased risk of suicide. A new study published in JAMA Neurology (2025) provides compelling evidence that individuals diagnosed with headache disorders face a significantly higher risk of both attempted and completed suicide compared to those without headaches.
This large-scale study analyzed data from over 119,000 individuals diagnosed with various types of headaches, comparing them to nearly 600,000 people without headache disorders. The findings were alarming. Over a 15-year period, individuals with headaches had a 0.78% risk of attempting suicide, compared to 0.33% in the general population. The risk of completed suicide was also higher, with headache sufferers experiencing a 0.21% rate compared to 0.15% in the comparison group. The study further revealed that certain types of headaches carried a particularly strong association with suicide risk. Posttraumatic headaches and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs), including cluster headaches, showed the highest correlation. Even migraines and tension-type headaches, which are far more common, were linked to an increased likelihood of suicidal behavior.
The connection between headaches and suicide risk likely stems from multiple factors. Chronic pain itself is a well-known contributor to depression and psychological distress. Living with persistent, severe headaches can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair, which may drive individuals toward suicidal thoughts and actions. Biological mechanisms may also play a role, as both migraines and mood disorders involve disruptions in serotonin regulation. Additionally, many individuals with headache disorders also suffer from psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, which further increase suicide risk.
Given these findings, healthcare providers must take a more comprehensive approach when treating headache disorders. Routine screening for mental health issues, particularly depression and suicidal thoughts, should become a standard part of headache management. Patients who present with severe or chronic headaches, especially those requiring emergency or inpatient care, may benefit from integrated behavioral health support. Medication choices also warrant careful consideration, as certain treatments for headaches, such as beta-blockers, may not be suitable for individuals with underlying depression.
For those living with headaches, understanding this risk is crucial. Seeking medical care for both physical and emotional symptoms can make a significant difference. Support from mental health professionals, peer groups, and family members can help mitigate feelings of isolation and despair. If a loved one with chronic headaches exhibits signs of depression, withdrawal, or suicidal thoughts, early intervention is essential.
The results of this study highlight the urgent need for greater awareness and proactive care for individuals suffering from headache disorders. While headaches are often dismissed as a minor ailment, their impact on mental health can be profound. Recognizing the link between headaches and suicide risk allows both medical professionals and patients to take steps toward prevention, ensuring that those affected receive the comprehensive support they need.
The citation for this article is Elser H, Farkas DK, Fuglsang CH, Sørensen ST, Sørensen HT. Risk of Attempted and Completed Suicide in Persons Diagnosed With Headache. JAMA Neurol. Published online February 03, 2025.
