In an effort to clarify the availability and scope of medical monitoring claims under New York law, the Second Circuit last week certified to the New York State Court of Appeals questions relating to whether smokers who have not been diagnosed with a smoking-related disease may bring a stand-alone claim against a tobacco company for medical monitoring. The Court of Appeals’ decision will likely have broad implications for toxic tort cases involving allegations of potential health effects.

The action was brought by long-term smokers who had not contracted lung cancer. They alleged that Defendant Philip Morris USA, Inc. knew that it was feasible to develop a less carcinogenic cigarette, but deliberately designed its product to deliver an excessive amount of carcinogens when smoked. As relief for their claims of negligence, strict liability and breach of warranty, the plaintiffs sought funding for a medical monitoring program to address their increased risk of lung cancer.

The Second Circuit affirmed Defendant’s motion to dismiss the smokers’ claims of negligence, strict liability and breach-of-warranty claims. Rather than dismiss the request for medical monitoring outright, however, the Circuit judges asked the Court of Appeals to consider whether, under New York law, a current or former heavy smoker not diagnosed with smoking-related disease may pursue an independent equitable cause of action for medical monitoring for such a disease. If the court determines that an independent cause of action for medical monitoring exists, the Second Circuit asked the court to then consider what the elements of that cause of action would be, what statute of limitations would apply, and when the cause of action would begin to accrue.

Although several New York courts have allowed medical monitoring damages as a remedy in connection with other claims, the Second Circuit noted that no New York court has directly addressed the questions it certified, and invited the Court of Appeals to expand on or alter those questions as it sees fit. Regardless of the result reached by the Court of Appeals, its decision in this matter will likely have far-reaching effects on the availability and scope of medical monitoring claims and remedies under New York law.