As part of a push to spotlight the ever-growing role of private equity in the healthcare industry, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) finalized the nursing home ownership disclosure rule requiring Medicare skilled nursing facilities and Medicaid nursing facilities to disclose extensive ownership and managerial information.

Effective Jan. 16, 2024, nursing homes enrolled in Medicare or Medicaid must make more extensive disclosures about their ownership and control. This includes an expanded definition of “additional disclosable parties,” which now includes entities that:

• Exercise operational, financial, or managerial control over the facility
• Provide financial or cash management services to the facility
• Operate as a real estate investment trust leasing or subleasing property to the facility
• Provide management or administrative services, management or clinical consulting services, or accounting or financial services to the facility

These enhanced disclosures are aimed at capturing a broader range of entities with an ownership or control interest in the nursing homes – chief among them, private equity investors.

The new disclosure requirements will apply not only to initial enrollments, but also to currently enrolled nursing facilities, which will have an obligation to ensure their enrollment records comply with the new requirements upon revalidation or change of ownership. In addition, CMS reserves its right to conduct off-cycle revalidations of skilled nursing facilities to collect the required disclosures once the new Form CMS-855A is finalized.

The proposal was unveiled in February 2023 after long-standing concerns about the quality of care and operations of nursing facilities, specifically those owned by private equity companies or investment firms based on a study of the trends in ownership as related to quality of care conducted by HHS. The agency has stated that the disclosure requirement will increase transparency in nursing home ownership, allowing CMS to better monitor nursing facilities and hold them accountable for the quality of care they provide.

Ultimately, the ownership information disclosed by providers will be made publicly available with the goal of increased transparency, allowing families to make an informed decision when choosing care for their loved ones. However, critics of the rule argued that it would compound the administrative burdens already facing these facilities and questioned whether the rule would truly provide patients and their families with meaningful tools to aid in their selection of a quality facility.

Current nursing facility providers should begin planning now in advance of the January go-live date for these new requirements in order to be prepared for impending on- or off-cycle revalidations.