iThe Internal Revenue Code generally discourages retirement plan participants from requesting distributions from their retirement plan funds prior to age 59 ½ by imposing an additional 10% tax on those distributions. However, the Code outlines several permissible exceptions to this rule under which a participant could request a distribution prior to age 59 ½ and not be subject to the additional 10% tax. SECURE 2.0 added several new exceptions to this list of distributions that are exempt from the additional 10% tax, including: (1) distributions related to emergency personal expenses; and (2) distributions for victims of domestic abuse. In response, the Internal Revenue Service recently released Notice 2024-55 which provides guidance on these new exceptions.
An emergency personal expense distribution is a distribution for any unforeseeable or immediate financial need related to personal or family emergency expenses. Examples include (but are not limited to): medical care; imminent foreclosure; auto repairs; and burial/funeral expenses. A domestic abuse victim distribution is any distribution made to the victim during the one-year period beginning on any date on which the individual is a victim of domestic abuse (which is broadly defined) by a spouse or domestic partner.
The notice confirms that it is optional for plans to allow these types of distributions. However, if a plan does offer these distribution rights, it will also generally be required to accept repayment of such distributions. In addition, once a plan offers either type of distribution, it is likely considered a protected benefit. Even if a plan does not adopt these distribution rights, an individual may treat an otherwise permissible distribution as either an emergency personal expense distribution or a domestic abuse victim distribution on his or her individual federal tax return (assuming the individual meets the applicable requirements).
The IRS guidance provided in the Notice on each of these new exceptions includes:
| Emergency Personal Expense Distribution | Domestic Abuse Victim Distribution | |
| Includable in gross income? | Yes | Yes |
| Subject to 10% additional tax? | No | No |
| Distribution Amount | Lesser of: $1,000 (not indexed) or vested benefit that exceeds $1,000 | Lesser of: $10,000 (indexed annually) or 50% of vested benefit |
| Can administrator rely on self-certification? | Yes | Yes |
| Can the distribution be repaid? | Yes | Yes |
| Other limitations or information |
- One distribution per calendar year - Cannot request another emergency personal expense distribution for 3 years unless either: (1) the prior distribution has been repaid; or (2) additional deferrals have been made in the amount of the distribution. |
Cannot be offered by plans that are subject to spousal consent requirements, such as money purchase pension plans and defined contribution plans that: (1) do not provide for 100% death benefits for surviving spouses; (2) provide benefits in the form of a life annuity; or (3) are direct or indirect transferees of a defined benefit or money purchase pension plan. |
