In American Reliable Insurance Company v. Lancaster, the Georgia Court of Appeals reversed the denial of a property insurer’s summary judgment motion concerning the insurer’s denial of a fire loss claim.  The basis of the denial was that the policyholders had failed to pay the policy premium.  The policyholders, Charlie and Wanda Lancaster, claimed that they had paid their policy premiums for several years to their insurance agent, Macie Yawn.  In October 2014, American Reliable mailed a renewal notice to the Lancasters notifying them that premium payments had to be made directly to the insurer.  After it did not receive payment from the Lancasters, American Reliable sent them a cancellation notice in December 2014, again notifying them that payments be made directly to the insurer.  The Lancasters denied having received either notice from American Reliable, but the record included a receipt for certificate of mailing.

After the Lancaster’s home burned down in 2015, American Reliable denied coverage on the grounds that the policy had been cancelled for nonpayment of premium.  In the subsequent coverage action, the trial court denied American Reliable’s motion for summary judgment, ruling that a factual issue existed as to the actual and apparent agency of the insurance agent, Yawn.  On appeal, the Court of Appeals found that the trial court erred in deciding that there was a factual issue concerning Yawn’s agency.  Specifically, the Court of Appeals ruled that the record showed American Reliable had terminated Yawn’s agency to accept policy premiums, and that the Lancaster’s received notice of that termination in the renewal and cancellation notices.  In addition to determining that Yawn was not an actual agent, the Court held that Yawn did not have apparent agency, because the notices sent to the Lancasters stated that the premium payment was to be paid to American Reliable, not to the agent.

The decision in Lancaster illustrates that insurer-broker agency relationships are not uniform.  One size does not fit all.  Policyholders should therefore never assume that their insurance broker has agency status to accept premiums or notices on behalf of insurers.  Although insurance agents and brokers may have such agency – as Yawn did when the Lancasters made their first premium payment under the American Reliable policy – it is important for policyholders to confirm that status and, more importantly, to follow instructions in the insurance policy and from the insurer for paying premiums, providing notice of claims, and other significant policy actions.  Although most insurance agents and brokers competently assist their clients with insurer interactions, other agents do not do so with an appropriate degree of attention to detail, to the detriment of the policyholder.  Worse, there are numerous instances of brokers refusing responsibility when the broker failed to carry out requested actions on behalf of a policyholder.  In these instances, many brokers will assert that they were not acting as the insurer’s agent.  Accordingly, policyholders should confirm important policy events, such as payment of premiums and notice of claims, directly with the insurer.