The Assisted Reproduction and Surrogacy Parentage Act (ARSPA), also known as the Michigan Family Protection Act, enhances legal protections for families using assisted reproductive technology. Effective April 2, 2025, this legislation updates parentage laws to account for the use of assisted reproductive technology, providing greater clarity and legal security.

Legal Parentage for Children Conceived Through Assisted Reproduction

One of the law’s most impactful components is Part 2, which addresses the parentage of children conceived through assisted reproduction without surrogacy. The law defines assisted reproduction as “a method of causing pregnancy through means other than by sexual intercourse” and includes in vitro fertilization (IVF), gamete donation (i.e., sperm, egg, and embryo), artificial insemination, and other assisted reproductive technologies.

Before the new law, non-biological parents in Michigan had to undergo a lengthy and costly stepparent adoption process to establish legal parental rights. Now, intended parents who conceive a child through assisted reproduction can petition the court for a judgment of parentage, legally establishing them as a child’s parent and granting them all rights and responsibilities associated with being a legal parent.

This change removes unnecessary barriers for many families, including non-biological mothers in same-sex couples who conceive using sperm donors and heterosexual couples using sperm, egg, or embryo donors due to infertility.

Estate Planning Considerations

With ARSPA in effect, individuals who have children or grandchildren through assisted reproduction should review their estate planning documents to ensure their children and grandchildren are included. Many estate plans define “child” to include adopted children but may not explicitly cover non-biological children conceived through assisted reproduction. Updating these documents can help avoid potential legal complications and ensure all children and grandchildren are treated equally.